Correction and Retraction

Retraction & Correction Policy

We understand that authors work diligently to prepare their manuscripts, and we conduct a thorough peer-review process. Nevertheless, there are rare instances where a published article may need to be retracted or removed for scientific reasons. Such actions are not taken lightly and occur only under exceptional circumstances. Consequently, corrections, clarifications, retractions, and apologies when necessary are handled according to rigorous standards to maintain trust in the integrity of the electronic scholarly record. It is our commitment and policy to uphold the integrity and completeness of the scientific record, which is essential for researchers and librarians who rely on these archives.

Article Retraction

Tadulako Journal Sport Sciences and Physical Education is committed to playing its part in maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record; therefore, on occasion, it may be necessary to retract an article. An article may be retracted if: There is a major scientific error that invalidates the article’s conclusions  for instance, if there is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, whether due to misconduct (e.g., data fabrication) or an honest error (e.g., miscalculation or experimental error).
The findings have previously been published elsewhere without appropriate cross-referencing, permission, or justification (e.g., cases of redundant publication).

Ethical issues may include plagiarism (appropriating the ideas, processes, results, or words of others without providing appropriate credit—including material obtained through the confidential review of another person’s manuscript) or inappropriate authorship.
To ensure that retractions are handled in accordance with best publishing practices and follow the COPE retraction guidelines, *Physical Education and Sports: Studies and Research* has adopted the following retraction process:

Any article potentially requiring retraction will be brought to the attention of the journal editor. The editor must follow a step-by-step procedure in line with COPE flowcharts (which includes evaluating responses from the authors of the article in question).
Before any action is taken, the editor’s findings must be submitted to the Ethics Advisory Board. This step ensures a consistent approach that aligns with industry best practices.
The final decision regarding whether to retract an article is then communicated to the authors and, if necessary, to other relevant bodies, such as the institution(s) where the authors were employed at the time.
A retraction statement is subsequently posted online and published in the next available issue of the journal (see below for further details on this step).
It should be noted that even if authors hold the copyright to an article, this does not automatically grant them the right to retract it following publication. The integrity of the published scholarly record is paramount, and the COPE Retraction Guidelines remain applicable in such cases.

Article Corrections

A journal should consider publishing a correction if:

A small portion of an otherwise reliable publication reports flawed or demonstrably misleading data, particularly if this resulted from an honest error.

The list of authors or contributors is incorrect (e.g., a deserving author has been omitted, or an individual who does not meet authorship criteria has been included).

Corrections to peer-reviewed content fall into one of three categories:

Publisher’s correction (erratum): to notify readers of a critical error made by the publishing/journal staff (typically a production error) that negatively impacts the publication record, the scientific integrity of the article, or the reputation of the author(s) or the journal.

Author’s correction (corrigendum): to notify readers of a significant error made by the author(s) that negatively impacts the publication record, the scientific integrity of the article, or the reputation of the author(s) or the journal. Addendum: an addition to an article by its author(s) to address inconsistencies, expand upon existing work, or clarify or update information presented in the original work.

The decision on whether a correction should be issued is made by the journal editor, sometimes with input from reviewers or members of the editorial board. The handling editor will contact the author(s) of the paper in question to request clarification; however, the final decision regarding whether a correction is necessary and the type of correction required rests with the editor.

Removal of Articles

In a very limited number of cases, it may be necessary to remove a published article from our online platform. This will only occur if the article is clearly defamatory, infringes upon the legal rights of others, is—or is reasonably suspected to be—the subject of a court order, or if the article, should it be acted upon, could pose a serious health risk.