Development of Problem-Based Learning E-Worksheet Oriented ESD on Macromolecules in Bioadsorbent Context to Foster Scientific Literacy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2026.v15.i1.pp61-69Keywords:
Bioadsorbent, education for sustainable development, e-worksheet, problem-based learning, scientific literacyAbstract
The Industrial Revolution 4.0 demands 21st-century competencies, particularly scientific literacy, which remains low in Indonesia as evidenced by the 2022 PISA score of 383, well below the OECD average of 485. One approach is to develop interactive learning materials that integrate Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). This study aims to examine teachers’ perspectives on the need for a PBL-based e-worksheet oriented toward ESD in the bioadsorbent context, determine its design and validation results, and evaluate students’ scientific literacy profile on a limited trial. This study employed a Design and Development Research (DDR) approach with three stages: planning, production, and evaluation. The planning stage involved a needs-analysis questionnaire administered to chemistry teachers at several public high schools in Bandung, followed by an analysis of Merdeka Curriculum learning outcomes, ESD dimensions, and the PISA 2025 scientific literacy framework. The production stage involved designing the e-worksheet in Canva, converting it via Liveworksheets, and validating it with four chemistry validators. The evaluation stage was conducted through a limited trial involving 16 12th-grade high school students at SMA Negeri 1 Margahayu. Results showed that all teachers considered the use of banana peels as a heavy-metal bioadsorbent highly relevant for Macromolecule learning in Phase F and in need of further development. Validation results for content, instruction, language, and appearance ranged from 97% to 100%, placing them in the very good category. The limited trial revealed students’ scientific literacy profiles across all PBL stages in the good-to-very-good category, encompassing content, procedural, and epistemic knowledge, as well as competencies in explaining phenomena scientifically, designing investigations, and using scientific information for decision-making. These findings confirm that the developed e-worksheet is a promising pedagogical tool for enhancing scientific literacy through real-world sustainability issues in chemistry learning.
References
Al-sareji, O. J., Grmasha, R. A., Meiczinger, M., Al-Juboori, R. A., Somogyi, V., & Hashim, K. S. (2024). A sustainable banana peel activated carbon for removing pharmaceutical pollutants from different waters: production, characterization, and application. Materials, 17(5), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17051032
Aulia, S. F., Solikha, M., Paujiah, E., Hadiansah, & Cahyanto, T. (2025). Penyusunan dan validasi lembar kerja peserta didik berbasis literasi sains pada materi pencemaran lingkungan. Bioscientist: Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi, 13(2), 1062–1076. https://doi.org/10.33394/bioscientist.v13i2.16133
Ayu, G. N., Putri, C. A., Riyanto, A. R., & Koto, I. (2025). The scientific literacy competence of students in Indonesia and Mexico based on PISA 2022: An international comparative study. TOFEDU: The Future of Education Journal, 4(5), 1033–1038. https://doi.org/10.61445/tofedu.v4i5.525
Azizah, R. N., Suryatna, A., & Wahyu, W. (2020). Analisis kelayakan internal LKS model PBL berbasis STEM untuk membangun kreativitas siswa pada pembuatan model bentuk molekul. Jurnal Riset dan Praktik Pendidikan Kimia, 8(2), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.17509/jrppk.v8i2.68387
Biswas, S., Nayak, A. K., & Pal, A. (2024). Surfactant-influenced biosorption as a sustainable and effective way for the eradication of environmental pollutants: A review. RSC Sustainability, 3(November), 112–133. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4su00574k
Broderick, N. (2025). Exploring different visions of scientific literacy in Irish primary science education: core issues and future directions. Irish Educational Studies, 44(1), 73–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/03323315.2023.2230191
Burmeister, M., Rauch, F., & Eilks, I. (2012). Education for sustainable development (ESD) and chemistry education. Chemistry Education Research and Practice, 13(2), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1039/c1rp90060a
Cholifah, S. N., & Novita, D. (2022). Pengembangan E-LKPD guided inquiry-liveworksheet untuk meningkatkan literasi sains pada submateri faktor laju reaksi. Chemistry Education Practice, 5(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.29303/cep.v5i1.3280
Dao, T. H. H., Nguyen, H. G. K., Ta, M. T., & Thai, H. M. (2024). Implementing education for sustainable development at high schools: lessons learned from a case of teaching about halogen-containing pesticides in Vietnam. Journal of Chemical Education, 101(11), 4870–4882. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.4c00803
Georgiou, Y., & Kyza, E. A. (2023). Fostering chemistry students’ scientific literacy for responsible citizenship through socio-scientific inquiry-based learning (SSIBL). Sustainability, 15(April), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086442
Ghasya, D. A. V., Kartono, K., Pranata, R., Kresnadi, H., & Johan, G. M. (2025). Analisis audience, behavior, condition, degree (ABCD), PjBL dan PBL dalam modul ajar Kurikulum Merdeka guru kelas 1 dan 4 sekolah dasar di Kota Pontianak. Journal Tunas Bangsa, 12(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.46244/tunasbangsa.v12i1.3188.
Günaydin, Y., & Başaran, M. (2022). The predictive power of reading comprehension, attitude toward sciences, test technique, and science subject matter knowledge in predicting PISA scientific literacy test total score. Participatory Educational Research, 9(6), 206–220. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.22.136.9.6
Hilyati, W., Yudha, C. B., & Vioreza, V. (2023). The implementation of education for sustainable for development (ESD) in shaping students’ green behavior, Proceeding of International Conference on Education-02, (pp. 131–140). Jakarta: STKIP Kusuma Negara. https://doi.org/10.37640/ice.02.518
Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2004). Problem-based learning: What and how do students learn?. Educational Psychology Review, 16(September), 235–266. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:EDPR.0000034022.16470.f3
Hsu, S. C., Huang, Y. C., & Chou, C. F. (2023). Evaluation of quality characteristics of rice cakes containing different varieties of bananas. International Journal of Food Properties, 26(1), 1445–1456. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2023.2219858
Idham, M., & Rambe, H. (2025). Penulisan tujuan pembelajaran (kata kerja operasional /KKO). IJER: Indonesian Journal of Educational Research, 1(5), 95–100. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18042501
Istiqomah, M., Aeni, S. R. N., & Wahid, A. A. (2025). Pemanfaatan biosorben biji buah rudraksha (elaeocarpus ganitrus) dalam menurunkan kadar logam berat Cr(Vi) pada sampel air Sungai Citarum. Jurnal Crystal: Publikasi Penelitian Kimia dan Terapannya, 7(1), 46-52. https://doi.org/10.36526/jc.v7i1.5010
Jahin, H. S., Khedr, A. I., & Ghannam, H. E. (2024). Banana peels as a green bioadsorbent for removing metals ions from wastewater. Discover Water, 4(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43832-024-00080-2
Li, B., Ding, B., & Eilks, I. (2024). A case on a lesson plan about take-out plastics use addressing confucianism for sustainability-oriented secondary chemistry education in Mainland China. Journal of Chemical Education, 101(December), 58–68. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.3c00643
Llach, M. C., & Llerena Bastida, M. (2022). Exploring innovative strategies in problem based learning to contribute to sustainable development: A case study. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 24(9), 159–177. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-07-2021-0296
Maharani, A., & Haryani, S. (2026). Implementation of e-worksheet based on problem-based learning containing education for sustainable development use of waste-cooked oil as a washing soap ingredient to improve students' critical thinking abilities. International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 6(1), 1638–1642. https://doi.org/10.62225/2583049X.2026.6.1.5715
Marôco, J., Harju-Lukkainnen, H., & Rautopuro, J. (2024). Worldwide predictors of science literacy in lower-secondary students: A TIMSS 2019 analysis. International Journal of Science Education, 48(4), 580–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2024.2394239
Mufidah, R., & Dwiningsih, K. (2024). Development of a problem-based learning-oriented interactive e-worksheet on chemical equilibrium to enhance students’ scientific literacy skills. JKPK: Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia, 9(2), 370–385. https://doi.org/10.20961/jkpk.v9i2.89480
Nandhini, S., & Rasyidah. (2024). Development of learning instruments based on game-based learning assisted by baamboozle educational game on digestive system material to improve students' learning outcomes. Prisma Sains: Jurnal Pengkajian Ilmu dan Pembelajaran Matematika dan IPA IKIP Mataram, 12(3), 589–600. https://doi.org/10.33394/j-ps.v12i3.12229
OECD. (2023). PISA 2025 science framework (Second draft). France: OECD Publishing.
Pradana, F., Ali, E. Y., & Ismail, A. (2024). efektivitas model pembelajaran problem based learning dalam meningkatkan pemahaman konsep siswa kelas V materi siklus air. Jurnal Basicedu, 8(5), 3773–3780. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v8i5.8332
Puspa, C. I. S., Rahayu, D. N. O., & Parhan, M. (2023). Transformasi pendidikan abad 21 dalam merealisasikan sumber daya manusia unggul menuju indonesia emas 2045. Jurnal Basicedu, 7(5), 3309–3321. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v7i5.5030
Putri, P. N., Rachmadiarti, F., Purnomo, T., & Satriawan, M. (2025). Measuring scientific literacy of students’ through environmental issues based on PISA 2025 science framework. JPPIPA: Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(3), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.10413
Rahayu, S., Ladamay, I., Ulfatin, N., Kumala, F. N., & Watora, S. A. (2021). Pengembangan LKPD elektronik pembelajaran tematik berbasis high order thinking skill (HOTS). EduHumaniora: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar, 13(2), 112–118. https://doi.org/10.17509/eh.v13i2.36284
Richey, R. C., & Klein, J. D. (2007). Design and development research: Methods, strategies, and issues. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Rohmaya, N., Sudiatmika, A. A. I. A. R., & Subagia, I. W. (2022). Deskripsi kemampuan awal literasi sains siswa kelas XI IPA MAN Buleleng pada topik kimia hijau. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Kimia: Kajian Hasil Penelitian Pendidikan Kimia, 9(1), 28–41. https://doi.org/10.36706/jppk.v9i1.16929
Sari, L., Taufina, T., & Fachruddin, F. (2020). Pengembangan lembar kerja peserta didik (LKPD) dengan menggunakan model PJBL di sekolah dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 4(4), 813–820. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v4i4.434
Sarman, A. A., Suastika, I. K., & Murniasih, T. R. (2023). Pengembangan E-LKPD untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis peserta didik pada materi bangun ruang sisi lengkung. Jurnal Tadris Matematika, 6(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.21274/jtm.2023.6.1.49-66
Widodo, B. S. (2021). Metode penelitian pendidikan: pendekatan sistematis & komprehensif. Yogyakarta: Eiga Media.
Sukmawardani, Y., Aziz, P. T. A., Aisyah, R., & Subarkah, C. Z. (2024). Development of Student worksheets on biosorbent synthesis from papaya seeds (carica papaya l) for dye absorption in batik industry liquid waste. International Conference on Mathematics and Science Education, 2024(April), 309–324. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i8.15563
Sulaeman, A., Subarkah, C. Z., & Sukmawardani, Y. (2021). Pengembangan lembar kerja berbasis inkuiri terbimbing: Biosorpsi logam besi dalam air sumur menggunakan limbah kertas modifikasi asam sitrat. Unpublished master’s thesis. Bandung: UIN Sunan Gunung Djati.
Tripathi, M., Singh, P., Singh, R., Bala, S., Pathak, N., Singh, S., Chauhan, R. S., & Singh, P. K. (2023). Microbial biosorbent for remediation of dyes and heavy metals pollution: A green strategy for sustainable environment. Frontiers Microbiology, 14(April), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1168954
UNESCO. (2017). Education for sustainable development goals: Learning objectives. Paris, France: UNESCO Publishing.
UNESCO. (2020). Education for sustainable development: A roadmap. Paris, France: UNESCO Publishing.
Wulandari, Y. P., Mei, Y. K., Tamur, N. C. A., & Welerubun, A. (2026). Penerapan problem-based learning pada materi kimia untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Dalton: Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia dan Ilmu Kimia, 9(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.31602/dl.v9i1.21703
Yanti, N., Leny, L., Rusmansyah, R., & Iriani, R. (2024). Pengembangan e-modul hukum dasar kimia dengan model problem based learning berbantuan fliphtml5 untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan literasi sains. JCAE: Journal of Chemistry and Education, 7(3), 175–187. https://doi.org/10.20527/jcae.v7i3.3007
Zulaiha, F., & Kusuma, D. (2021). Analisis kemampuan literasi sains peserta didik SMP di Kota Cirebon. Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika dan Teknologi, 7(2), 190–201. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpft.v7i2.3049
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Denaya A. Fadiah, Hernani Hernani, Asep Supriatna
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
