Partisipasi Perempuan dalam Sejarah Kepemimpinan Sebagai Kepala Sekolah SMA Negeri se-Kota Palu

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the development of women's participation as principals in State Senior High Schools (SMA Negeri) throughout Palu City and to examine the factors causing the low level of such participation from a gender perspective. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a documentation study method, collecting secondary data through a review of scientific literature and digital observation of official websites. The results show that of the 90 principal positions across 11 State Senior High Schools in Palu City, 74 positions were held by men and 16 by women. When calculated on an individual basis, there were 62 male principals and 10 female principals, with proportions of 86.1% for men and 13.9% for women. SMA Negeri 2 Palu has the highest number of female principals, while several schools have never been led by a woman. The low participation of women is caused by three main factors, namely culture and gender stereotypes, gender-biased bureaucratic structures, and the double-burden role borne by women. This study concludes that the limited participation of women is not due to a lack of competence, but rather to systemic barriers that require gender-responsive policy interventions in the recruitment system and the development of school leadership.

Keywords: gender, school principal, educational leadership, women's participation